⚡ Vitamins & Minerals – 2-Minute Revision
1. FAT-SOLUBLE Vitamins (A D E K) – stored in body fat
- A: Night-blindness, carrot, spinach → After sunset see
- D: Rickets, sunlight, fish-oil → Daylight vitamin
- E: Sterility, vegetable oil → E for Every-sperm-count
- K: Clotting, green leaf → Koagulation
2. WATER-SOLUBLE Vitamins (B-complex & C) – daily needed
| Vitamin |
Deficiency |
Source |
Mnemonic |
| B1 (Thiamine) |
Beri-beri |
Cereals |
B1 = Beri |
| B2 (Riboflavin) |
Cheilosis |
Milk, egg |
B2 = 2 lips cracked |
| B3 (Niacin) |
Pellagra |
Meat |
Pellagra = Pasta (maize) |
| B5 (Pantothenic) |
Burning feet |
Mushroom |
5 fingers burn |
| B6 (Pyridoxine) |
Anaemia |
Fish |
6 packs need blood |
| B7 (Biotin) |
Dermatitis |
Egg yolk |
7 skin glow |
| B9 (Folate) |
Megaloblastic anaemia |
Green leaf |
9 months pregnancy |
| B12 (Cobalamin) |
Pernicious anaemia |
Liver |
12 = Cobalt |
| C (Ascorbic acid) |
Scurvy |
Citrus, amla |
C = Citrus |
3. Major Minerals
| Mineral |
Key function |
Deficiency |
Top source |
| Calcium |
Bones & teeth |
Rickets / osteoporosis |
Milk |
| Phosphorus |
ATP, bones |
Weak bones |
Milk, pulses |
| Iron |
Haemoglobin |
Anaemia |
Apple, spinach |
| Iodine |
Thyroxine |
Goitre |
Iodised salt |
| Fluorine |
Dental enamel |
Dental caries |
Fluoridated water |
| Sodium |
Nerve impulse |
Hyponatremia |
Common salt |
| Potassium |
Heart rhythm |
Hypokalemia |
Banana |
4. Trace Elements (remember “Chicken Curry Makes Zebras Sing”)
- Cu – Copper → Anaemia
- Co – Cobalt → Part of B12
- Mn – Manganese → Bone formation
- Zn – Zinc → Wound healing, taste loss
- Se – Selenium → Anti-oxidant
5. Quick Memory Pill
- ADEK = All Dogs Eat Kibble (fat-soluble)
- Vit C → C for Collagen & Citrus
- Fe-Ca-I = Females Carry Iron daily
🔫 10 Rapid-Fire MCQs
1. Which vitamin is responsible for night-blindness?
**Answer:** Vitamin A
2. Deficiency of vitamin D causes?
**Answer:** Rickets in children / Osteomalacia in adults
3. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
**Answer:** Vitamin K
4. Pellagra is due to deficiency of?
**Answer:** Niacin (Vit B3)
5. Which mineral is required for thyroxine synthesis?
**Answer:** Iodine
6. Cobalt is a part of which vitamin?
**Answer:** Vitamin B12
7. Which vitamin is lost easily on washing rice repeatedly?
**Answer:** Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
8. Anaemia caused by B12 deficiency is called?
**Answer:** Pernicious anaemia
9. Best source of fluoride for teeth is?
**Answer:** Fluoridated drinking water
10. Which fruit is richest in potassium?
**Answer:** Banana
BETA
