Rivers & Dams

🔖 Quick Revision: Rivers & Dams

🌊 Lifeline Rivers & Their Major Dams

River Dam State Purpose/Note
Ganga Tehri Uttarakhand Highest in India (260.5 m)
Sutlej Bhakra Nangal Himachal-Punjab “Temple of Modern India” (Nehru)
Ravi Ranjit Sagar (Thein) Punjab Largest hydro-potential in Punjab
Beas Pong (Maharana Pratap Sagar) Himachal Ramsar wetland
Yamuna Lakhwar Vyasi Uttarakhand Under construction
Chambal Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap, Jawahar Sagar M.P.-Rajasthan Chain of 4 dams
Narmada Sardar Sarovar Gujarat 2nd largest concrete dam world
Tapti Ukai Gujarat “Jewel of S. Gujarat”
Godavari Sriram Sagar, Polavaram* Telangana-AP Polavaram = National project
Krishna Nagarjuna Sagar, Srisailam Telangana-AP World’s tallest masonry dam (NS)
Kaveri Mettur, Krishnaraja Sagar TN-Karnataka KRS = “Mysore’s lifeline”
Mahanadi Hirakud Odisha Longest dam in India (25.8 km)
Brahmaputra Ranganadi, Subansiri (lower) Arunachal-Assam Subansiri = biggest under-construction

🏗️ Quick Facts

  • Highest – Tehri (260.5 m)
  • Longest – Hirakud (25.8 km)
  • Oldest – Kallanai (Grand Anicut) on Kaveri, 2nd c. CE
  • Total NHPC dams – 24 (max in HP & JK)
  • Perennial rivers – Himalayan (snow-fed)
  • Peninsular rivers – Rain-fed (90% non-perennial)

🧠 Memory Tricks

  • “B-S-G-H-N”Bhakra, Sardar, Gandhi, Hirakud, Nagarjuna → top 5 longest/highest
  • “T-S-R”Tehri (highest), Sardar (biggest concrete), Rana Pratap (Chambal)
  • “K-3” – Kaveri, Krishna, Kosi (all start with ‘K’) but Kaveri is Karnataka-TN dispute river
  • Godavari = “Grand old man” – longest peninsular river

📏 Formulas / Data

  • Hydro capacity share – ≈ 13 % of India’s total installed
  • World’s highest – Jinping-I (China, 305 m)
  • Dam equation: Dead storage + Live storage = Gross storage

⚡ Rapid-Fire MCQs

1. Which is the highest dam in India? Answer: Tehri Dam
2. Hirakud dam is built on which river? Answer: Mahanadi
3. The Bhakra Nangal dam is on which river? Answer: Sutlej
4. Which dam is known as the “Temple of Modern India”? Answer: Bhakra Nangal Dam
5. Polavaram project is on which river? Answer: Godavari
6. The longest dam in India is? Answer: Hirakud Dam
7. Nagarjuna Sagar is shared by which two states? Answer: Telangana & Andhra Pradesh
8. Ukai dam is located in which state? Answer: Gujarat
9. Which is the oldest dam in India? Answer: Kallanai (Grand Anicut)
10. Subansiri Lower dam is in which state? Answer: Arunachal Pradesh / Assam border (Arunachal)