SATHEE: Indian Constitution

Indian Constitution

Longest written constitution – 448 Articles, 25 Parts, 12 Schedules (original 395-22-8)
Adopted 26 Nov 1949, Enforced 26 Jan 1950 (Republic Day)
Father of Constitution – Dr B. R. Ambedkar
Original Preamble “Sovereign Democratic Republic”; 42nd AA added “Socialist Secular”
Fundamental Rights – 6 categories (Art 12-35); DPSP – Art 36-51; FR suspended only during National Emergency (Art 352) except Art 20 & 21
President’s Rule – Art 356; Financial Emergency – Art 360 (never used)
Amendment types – Simple, Special & ratification by >½ states; Basic Structure – Kesavananda Bharati 1973
Parliament – Lok Sabha max strength 552; Rajya Sabha 238 elected + 12 nominated
CAG – Guardian of public purse; AGI – Highest law officer; ECI – 3 members (1 CEC + 2 ECs)
Supreme Court – 34 judges (inc. CJI); retirement 65 yrs; writ jurisdiction Art 32

Acronym	Full Form	Use
DAD	DPSP, FR, Duties	Parts of Constitution after Preamble
FEDERAL	Finance, Executive, Diplomatic, Emergency, Railway, Army, Legislature	President can summon joint sitting (Art 108) only for ordinary bills
TEN PM	T**enure, Eligibility, Nomination, Powers, Ministry	Remember PM conditions
BAPU	Basic-structure, Amendment, Preamble, Union	Key topics of polity
36-51	36 to 51 = DPSP	Count 3-6-5-1 = 36-51

Type	Article	Ground	Approval	Max duration
National	352	war/external/Internal disturbance	Lok+Rajya Sabha in 1 m	indefinite (repeated)
President’s	356	Constitutional failure in state	Lok Sabha in 2 m	6 m × 3 (max 3 yrs)
Financial	360	threat to financial stability	President only	revoked by President

No.	Deals with
1	States & UTs
2	Salaries of Pres, VP, Judges…
3	Forms of Oath/Affirmation
4	Rajya Sabha seat allocation
5	Admin of Scheduled Areas
6	Tribal areas (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura)
7	Union, State & Concurrent Lists
8	22 Official Languages
9	Acts outside judicial review (added by 1st AA)
10	Anti-defection (52nd AA)
11	Panchayats (73rd AA)
12	Municipalities (74th AA)

1. Which article deals with the appointment of the Attorney General of India?

**Ans:** Art 76

2. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment added which two words to the Preamble?

**Ans:** Socialist & Secular

3. Minimum age to be a member of Rajya Sabha is ___ years.

**Ans:** 30

4. Which schedule contains the Union, State & Concurrent Lists?

**Ans:** 7th

5. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?

**Ans:** Dr B. R. Ambedkar

6. The power to issue writs for enforcement of FRs is vested in ____ under Art 32.

**Ans:** Supreme Court

7. Which amendment introduced the Anti-defection law?

**Ans:** 52nd

8. During a National Emergency, which FRs cannot be suspended?

**Ans:** Art 20 & 21

9. How many times has a Financial Emergency been proclaimed in India?

**Ans:** Never

10. The concept of “Basic Structure” was propounded in which case?

**Ans:** Kesavananda Bharati (1973)