1. Company Rule - Regulating Act 1773

• Enacted: 1773
• Key Provisions:
  • Made the Governor of Bengal the Governor-General of Bengal.
  • Introduced the Dual System of Government (diwani and nizamat).
• Significance:
  • Marked the beginning of British control over India.
  • First step towards centralized administration.
• Important Term: Regulating Act - First major legislative act by the British Parliament regarding India.

2. Pitts Act 1793

• Enacted: 1793
• Key Provisions:
  • Established the Board of Control in London to supervise the East India Company.
  • Separated the executive and legislative powers.
  • Introduced the Council of Four for advising the Governor-General.
• Significance:
  • Strengthened British administrative control.
  • Laid the foundation for the diplomatic and military powers of the Governor-General.
• Important Term: Council of Four - Advised the Governor-General on matters of state.

3. Charter Act 1813

• Enacted: 1813
• Key Provisions:
  • Renewed the East India Company’s charter for 20 years.
  • Established English education in India.
  • Introduced limited powers to the Governor-General.
  • Abolished the nizamat (military) powers of the Nawabs.
• Significance:
  • Marked the beginning of British direct control over Indian territories.
  • Laid the foundation for modern education system in India.
• Important Term: English Education - First major policy for education in India.

4. Charter Act 1833

• Enacted: 1833
• Key Provisions:
  • Abolished the nizamat and diwani powers of the East India Company.
  • Established the Governor-General of India with a council of four members.
  • Made the Governor-General of India the head of the British administration.
  • Established the Central Government in India.
  • Introduced the Council of India in London to advise the Governor-General.
• Significance:
  • Centralized power under the British Crown.
  • Ended the East India Company’s role in administration.
• Important Term: Central Government - First formal administrative structure in India.

5. Charter Act 1853

• Enacted: 1853
• Key Provisions:
  • Established the Indian Civil Service (ICS).
  • Introduced civil service exams for recruitment.
  • Established the Indian Civil Service Commission.
• Significance:
  • Created a professional bureaucracy.
  • Laid the foundation for modern administration in India.
• Important Term: Indian Civil Service (ICS) - First professional administrative body in India.

6. Crown Rule - Government of India Act 1858

• Enacted: 1858
• Key Provisions:
  • Transferred control of India from the East India Company to the British Crown.
  • Established the Viceroy of India as the representative of the British Crown.
  • Introduced the British Secretary of State for India in London.
• Significance:
  • Marked the beginning of Crown Rule in India.
  • Established direct British control over Indian administration.
• Important Term: Viceroy of India - Head of British administration in India.

7. Indian Council Act 1861

• Enacted: 1861
• Key Provisions:
  • Introduced non-official members to the Viceroy’s Council.
  • Allowed consultative role for Indian members.
  • Established provincial councils.
• Significance:
  • First step towards Indian participation in governance.
  • Laid the foundation for diplomatic representation.
• Important Term: Non-official Members - First Indian members in the council.

8. Indian Council Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms)

• Enacted: 1909
• Key Provisions:
  • Introduced weighted voting system in the legislative councils.
  • Allowed separate electorates for Muslims.
  • Increased the number of non-official members.
• Significance:
  • First major reform to introduce Indian representation.
  • Deepened communal divisions.
• Important Term: Separate Electorates - Separate voting for different communities.

9. Indian Council Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms)

• Enacted: 1919
• Key Provisions:
  • Introduced dyarchy in the provinces.
  • Separated reserved and transferred subjects.
  • Increased Indian participation in governance.
• Significance:
  • Marked the beginning of self-governance.
  • Introduced diarchy as a model for future reforms.
• Important Term: Dyarchy - Dual system of governance with British and Indian officials.

10. Government of India Act 1935

• Enacted: 1935
• Key Provisions:
  • Established a federal structure with a Federal Court.
  • Introduced provincial autonomy.
  • Established two types of provinces: group A and group B.
  • Introduced electoral reforms and representation.
• Significance:
  • First comprehensive constitution for India.
  • Laid the foundation for post-independence constitution.
• Important Term: Federal Court - First federal judiciary in India.