NITI Aayog

• Established: 1st January 2015 (replacing the Planning Commission)
• Objective: To foster cooperative federalism, promote sustainable development, and improve governance.
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: Prime Minister of India
  • Vice-Chairperson: Chief Economic Adviser
  • Members: Union Ministers, State Chief Ministers, and Experts
• Functions:
  • Formulating national development strategies
  • Coordinating between central and state governments
  • Providing policy recommendations
• Key Initiatives:
  • Smart Cities Mission
  • Digital India
  • Ayushman Bharat
• Important Date: 1st January 2015

Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

• Established: 1963 (under the Department of Ministry of Home Affairs and later it was shifted under Ministry of Personnel, Public grievances and Pensions.)
• Objective: To investigate cases of corruption, economic offenses, and other crimes.
• Composition:
  • Director: Appointed by the Government of India
  • Officers: Investigating officers and other staff
• Jurisdiction:
  • Central government departments
  • Public sector undertakings
  • State governments (on request)
• Notable Cases:
  • 2G Spectrum Scam
  • Coalgate Scandal
• Important Date: 1963

Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)

• Established: 1964 (by an Act of Parliament)
• Objective: To promote integrity and efficiency in public services and prevent corruption.
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: A retired judge of the Supreme Court
  • Members: A retired judge of the High Court and a government servant
• Functions:
  • Advising on preventive vigilance
  • Investigating complaints of corruption
  • Recommending disciplinary actions
• Important Date: 1964

Central Information Commission (CIC)

• Established: 12th October 2005 (under the Right to Information Act, 2005)
• Objective: To ensure transparency and accountability in public authorities.
• Composition:
  • Chief Information Commissioner: Appointed by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
  • Information Commissioners: Three members, appointed by the Appointments Committee
• Functions:
  • Adjudicating appeals against information denial
  • Monitoring compliance with RTI
  • Promoting transparency
• Important Date: 12th October 2005

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

• Established: 12th October 1993 (by an Act of Parliament)
• Objective: To protect and promote human rights, and to inquire into violations.
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: A retired judge of the Supreme Court
  • Members: A retired judge of the High Court, a former Lok Sabha Speaker, and a social worker
• Functions:
  • Inquiring into human rights violations
  • Recommending policy changes
  • Promoting human rights education
• Important Date: 12th October 1993

Lokpal and Lokayukta

• Lokpal: Established for the Central Government (at the national level)
• Lokayukta: Established for the State Governments (at the state level)
• Established: 2013 (by the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013)
• Objective: To inquire into allegations of corruption against public officials.
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: A retired judge of the Supreme Court
  • Members: A retired judge of the High Court, a serving or retired IAS officer, and a social worker
• Functions:
  • Investigating complaints of corruption
  • Recommending disciplinary actions
  • Promoting transparency
• Important Date: 2013

National Development Council (NDC)

• Established: 1952 (under the Planning Commission)
• Objective: To review and monitor the implementation of the Five-Year Plans.
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: Prime Minister of India
  • Members: Union Ministers, State Chief Ministers, and other stakeholders
• Functions:
  • Discussing national development issues
  • Reviewing progress of Five-Year Plans
  • Facilitating coordination between central and state governments
• Important Date: 1952

National Investigation Agency (NIA)

• Established: 2008 (under the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008)
• Objective: To combat terrorism, insurgency, and organized crime.
• Composition:
  • Director: Appointed by the Union Government
  • Officers: Investigating officers and other staff
• Functions:
  • Investigating terrorism-related cases
  • Handling cases of insurgency and organized crime
  • Coordinating with other agencies
• Important Date: 2008

Inter-State Council

• Established: 1990 (under the Constitution, Article 263)
• Objective: To facilitate coordination between states and the central government.
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: Prime Minister of India
  • Members: Chief Ministers of all states, Union Territories, and other stakeholders
• Functions:
  • Discussing issues of common interest
  • Recommending measures for cooperative federalism
  • Resolving inter-state disputes
• Important Date: 1990

Zonal Council

• Established: 1956 (under the States Reorganization Act, 1956)
• Objective: To promote cooperation and coordination among states in a zone.
• Composition:
  • Chairperson: Union Minister for Home Affairs
  • Members: Chief Ministers of states in the zone, Union Territories, and other stakeholders
• Functions:
  • Discussing regional development issues
  • Facilitating inter-state cooperation
  • Addressing common problems
• Important Date: 1956