Statement Conclusion
Quick Revision: Statement–Conclusion 🚂
1. Golden Rules (Must-Mug)
- Valid Conclusion: must logically flow from the statement; no external knowledge.
- Invalid Conclusion: contradicts statement or introduces new info.
- Universal Words (all, every, always, only) → strict check; one exception kills it.
- Possibility Words (some, may, can, often) → liberal check; at least one case needed.
- Syllogism shortcut: draw Venn in 2 sec; if conclusion diagram is possible = valid.
2. Memory Tricks (60-sec Recall)
| Trick | Meaning |
|---|---|
| A-B-C | All, But, Can’t → Allows But Check Contradiction |
| Venn-10 | Draw circle in ≤10 sec; if conclusion circle fits, pick it |
| POP | Possibility Ok, Probability Pass (don’t need 100 %) |
3. Valid vs Invalid – 3-sec Table
| Feature | Valid Conclusion | Invalid Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Only statement | Outside knowledge |
| Direction | Same as statement | Opposite / unsure |
| Words | Must, definitely | Probably, always (when stmt weak) |
| Negation | Never contradicts | May contradict |
4. Rapid Pattern Bank (Railway Fav)
| Statement Pattern | Expected Conclusion Type |
|---|---|
| “All X are Y” | Some Y are X (valid) |
| “No X is Y” | Some X are not Y (valid) |
| “Some X are Y” | No definite “All” or “No” |
| “Only X are Y” | Y → X (convertible) |
5. 10 Rapid-Fire MCQs
Click for lightning answers
-
Statement: All trains are metals.
Conclusion: Some metals are trains.
Answer: ✔️ Valid (conversion) -
Statement: No apple is a mango.
Conclusion: Some apples are mangoes.
Answer: ❌ Invalid (contradiction) -
Statement: Most students are sincere.
Conclusion: All students are sincere.
Answer: ❌ Invalid (extreme) -
Statement: Only officers are managers.
Conclusion: All managers are officers.
Answer: ✔️ Valid (only = reverse) -
Statement: Some boxes are squares.
Conclusion: Some squares are boxes.
Answer: ✔️ Valid (symmetric) -
Statement: All pens are inks.
Conclusion: No ink is a pen.
Answer: ❌ Invalid (contradictory) -
Statement: Many books are red.
Conclusion: Some books are red.
Answer: ✔️ Valid (many → some) -
Statement: Only Delhi is capital.
Conclusion: Mumbai is capital.
Answer: ❌ Invalid (violates only) -
Statement: Some A are B.
Conclusion: All B are A.
Answer: ❌ Invalid (no definite) -
Statement: No cat is dog.
Conclusion: Some cats are not dogs.
Answer: ✔️ Valid (immediate inference)
Last gulp: If in doubt, draw a 2-circle Venn in 5 sec—saves 20 sec per Q!
BETA
