Indian Revolutionary Organizations Outside India

Major Organizations

1. Indian Home Rule league (ISA)

• Founded: 1905 in London
• Founder: Shyamji Krishna Varma
• Headquarters: London
• Key Members: Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Chandrasekhar Azad
• Activities: Published The Indian Societies and The New India journals, organized public meetings, and promoted revolutionary ideas
• Significance: Played a crucial role in radicalizing Indian youth and spreading nationalist ideas abroad

2. The Ghadar Party

• Founded: 1913 in San Francisco, USA
• Founder: Sohan Singh Bhakna and Kartar Singh Sarabha
• Headquarters: San Francisco
• Key Members: Har Dayal, Ram Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh (briefly associated)
• Activities: Organized the Ghadar (Rebellion) movement, aimed at overthrowing British rule in India through armed struggle
• Significance: One of the most radical organizations, inspired many Indian revolutionaries and played a role in the 1915 revolt in East Africa

3 The Indian Independence League (IIL)

• Founded: 1938 in Singapore
• Founder: Ras Bihari Bose
• Headquarters: Singapore
• Activities: Supported the Indian National Army (INA), organized propaganda, and funded revolutionary activities
• Significance: Played a key role in the INA’s formation and the struggle against British rule during World War II

Activities and Contributions

1. Revolutionary Propaganda and Education

• Indian Home Rule league: Published radical journals and organized public meetings to spread revolutionary ideas
• Ghadar Party: Used newspapers like Ghadar and Sahid to mobilize support and educate Indians abroad

2. Support for Armed Struggle

• Ghadar Party: Organized the 1915 revolt in East Africa, which was a significant but failed attempt at armed resistance
• Indian Independence League (IIL): Supported the Indian National Army (INA) and provided logistical and financial assistance

3. Mobilization of Indian Diaspora

• Indian Home Rule league: Mobilized Indian students and professionals in London to support the freedom struggle
• Ghadar Party: Attracted a large number of Indian immigrants in North America and inspired them to join the cause of independence

4. Influence on Indian Revolutionaries

• Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev: Were influenced by the ideas and activities of ISA and Ghadar Party

Table: Summary of Key Organizations

Important Dates and Terms

• 1905: Founding of Indian Home Rule league
• 1913: Founding of Ghadar Party
• 1938: Founding of Indian Independence League (IIL)
• Ghadar: A term used to denote the revolutionary movement led by the Ghadar Party
• Sahid: A newspaper published by the Ghadar Party
• Indian National Army (INA): Supported by the Indian Independence League (IIL)

Key Facts for Competitive Exams (SSC, RRB)

• The Ghadar Party was founded in San Francisco in 1913.
• The Indian Home Rule league was founded by Shyamji Krishna Varma in London.
• The Indian Independence League (IIL) was founded in Singapore in 1938.
• The Ghadar Party organized the 1915 revolt in East Africa.