Internet & Networking
Key Concepts & Formulas
Provide 5-7 essential concepts for Internet & Networking:
| # | Concept | Quick Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol - rules for transferring web pages (port 80) |
| 2 | HTML | HyperText Markup Language - standard language for creating web pages |
| 3 | URL | Uniform Resource Locator - web address format: protocol://domain/path |
| 4 | IP Address | Unique 32-bit number (IPv4) identifying devices, format: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx |
| 5 | Email Protocols | SMTP (sending), POP3 (receiving), IMAP (syncing emails) |
| 6 | Browser | Software to access WWW (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) - interprets HTML |
| 7 | WWW | World Wide Web - system of interlinked hypertext documents via internet |
10 Practice MCQs
Q1. Which protocol is used for sending emails? A) HTTP B) SMTP C) FTP D) TCP
Answer: B) SMTP
Solution: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is specifically designed for sending emails from client to server and between servers. HTTP is for web pages, FTP for file transfer, TCP is transport protocol.
Shortcut: SMTP - “Send Mail To People”
Concept: Internet & Networking - Email protocols
Q2. What does 'www' stand for in a website address? A) World Wide Web B) World Wireless Web C) Web Wide World D) World Web Window
Answer: A) World Wide Web
Solution: WWW stands for World Wide Web, which is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via internet.
Shortcut: Remember as “World Wide Web” - three W’s
Concept: Internet & Networking - Basic terminology
Q3. Which of the following is a web browser? A) Gmail B) Google Chrome C) Windows D) Microsoft Word
Answer: B) Google Chrome
Solution: Google Chrome is a web browser used to access internet. Gmail is email service, Windows is OS, Word is word processor.
Shortcut: Browser names often have nature themes (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari)
Concept: Internet & Networking - Software types
Q4. What is the default port number for HTTP? A) 21 B) 25 C) 80 D) 110
Answer: C) 80
Solution: HTTP uses port 80 by default. Port 21 is FTP, 25 is SMTP, 110 is POP3.
Shortcut: Remember 80 as “HTTP Eighty” - both start with ‘E’ sound
Concept: Internet & Networking - Port numbers
Q5. In URL "https://irctc.co.in/booking", what does 'co.in' represent? A) File name B) Domain type C) Protocol D) Path
Answer: B) Domain type
Solution: ‘co.in’ indicates a commercial organization in India. It’s the domain extension showing country and organization type.
Shortcut: co = commercial, .in = India
Concept: Internet & Networking - URL structure
Q6. Which HTML tag is used to create a hyperlink?
A) B) C) D)
Solution: tag with href attribute creates hyperlinks. Example: Railway
Shortcut: ‘a’ = anchor (holds the link)
Concept: Internet & Networking - HTML basics
Q7. What is the full form of ISP? A) Internet System Protocol B) International Service Provider C) Internet Service Provider D) Internal System Program
Answer: C) Internet Service Provider
Solution: ISP provides internet access to users. Examples: Jio, Airtel, BSNL in India.
Shortcut: ISP - “I Serve Internet to People”
Concept: Internet & Networking - Service providers
Q8. Which protocol downloads email to your device and deletes it from server? A) IMAP B) SMTP C) POP3 D) HTTP
Answer: C) POP3
Solution: POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) downloads emails locally and typically removes them from server. IMAP keeps emails synced on server.
Shortcut: POP3 - “Pull Out Permanently” (3 P’s)
Concept: Internet & Networking - Email retrieval protocols
Q9. An IPv4 address is divided into how many octets? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
Answer: B) 4
Solution: IPv4 address = 32 bits = 4 octets (8 bits each). Format: 192.168.1.1 (each number = 1 octet, 0-255)
Shortcut: IPv4 = 4 octets (both have 4)
Concept: Internet & Networking - IP addressing
Q10. Which of the following is NOT a valid domain extension? A) .gov B) .edu C) .com D) .exe
Answer: D) .exe
Solution: .exe is a file extension for executable files, not a domain extension. .gov (government), .edu (education), .com (commercial) are valid.
Shortcut: Domain extensions = organization types, file extensions = file types
Concept: Internet & Networking - Domain vs file extensions
5 Previous Year Questions
PYQ 1. What is the full form of URL? [RRB NTPC 2021 CBT-1]
Answer: B) Uniform Resource Locator
Solution: URL is the complete web address that specifies the location of a resource on the internet. Format: protocol://domain/path
Exam Tip: Remember URL as “Universal Road Locator” - it gives directions to find web resources
PYQ 2. Which of the following is used to view websites? [RRB Group D 2022]
Answer: B) Web Browser
Solution: Web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, or Edge are specifically designed to interpret HTML and display websites. Search engines find sites, browsers display them.
Exam Tip: Browser = Viewer (like TV), Search Engine = Finder (like TV guide)
PYQ 3. SMTP is used for: [RRB ALP 2018]
Answer: A) Sending emails
Solution: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) handles outgoing mail. It’s like the postal service for sending emails between servers.
Exam Tip: SMTP = Send Mail To People (first letters match)
PYQ 4. HTML is a: [RRB JE 2019]
Answer: C) Markup Language
Solution: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) uses tags like
,
, ![]()
to structure content, not for programming logic.
Exam Tip: HTML = Makeup for web pages (markup language structures content)
PYQ 5. What does 's' represent in 'https'? [RPF SI 2019]
Answer: C) Secure
Solution: HTTPS = HTTP Secure. It uses SSL/TLS encryption to protect data transmission, crucial for banking and railway ticket booking.
Exam Tip: Look for ‘https’ and lock icon before entering passwords or payment details on IRCTC
Speed Tricks & Shortcuts
For Internet & Networking, provide exam-tested shortcuts:
| Situation | Shortcut | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Port Numbers | 80-HTTP, 25-SMTP, 21-FTP, 110-POP3 | “80 HTTP ate (8) zero (0) cookies” |
| Email Protocols | SMTP=Send, POP3=Pull, IMAP=Sync | “Send with SMTP, Pull with POP3, Sync with IMAP” |
| Domain Types | .com=commercial, .org=organization, .gov=government | “.com companies, .gov government” |
| HTML Tags | =anchor, =paragraph, =heading |
“a=anchor (link), p=paragraph (text block)” |
| URL Parts | protocol://domain/path | “https://indianrail.gov.in/tatkal - https=protocol, indianrail.gov.in=domain, /tatkal=path” |
Common Mistakes to Avoid
| Mistake | Why Students Make It | Correct Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Confusing browser and search engine | Both help find information | Browser displays pages (Chrome), search engine finds them (Google) |
| Mixing SMTP and POP3 | Both email-related | SMTP=Sends, POP3=Receives/downloads |
| Forgetting HTML is markup, not programming | “Language” confuses students | HTML structures content with tags, has no logic/loops |
| Thinking www is mandatory | Old websites had it | Modern sites work with/without www (irctc.co.in) |
| Confusing http and https security | Similar appearance | Only https has padlock icon and encrypts data |
Quick Revision Flashcards
| Front (Question/Term) | Back (Answer) |
|---|---|
| Full form of HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol |
| Port number for HTTPS | 443 |
| HTML full form | HyperText Markup Language |
| What protocol does www use? | HTTP/HTTPS |
| Email: @ symbol separates | Username and domain |
| IP address format | Four numbers (0-255) separated by dots |
| Browser vs Search Engine | Browser shows pages, search engine finds them |
| Full form of ISP | Internet Service Provider |
| What creates hyperlinks? | tag with href attribute |
| .in domain represents | India |
Topic Connections
How Internet & Networking connects to other RRB exam topics:
- Direct Link: Computer Fundamentals (browsers, email clients are application software), Cyber Security (safe browsing, email scams)
- Combined Questions: Computer abbreviations (HTTP, HTML, URL), Computer awareness (latest web technologies used by Indian Railways)
- Foundation For: E-governance (IRCTC online booking, railway apps), Digital India initiatives (paperless tickets, digital payments at stations)
BETA
