History Freedom Fighters And Movements
🔥 Freedom Fighters & Movements – 30-Min RRR Revision
| Era | Must-Remember Dates | One-liner |
|---|---|---|
| Early Revolts | 1757–1856 | Seeds of dissent |
| 1857 | 12 May 1857 | 1st War of Independence |
| Nationalism | 1885–1905 | Moderates lead |
| Swadeshi | 1905–1911 | Bengal divide & rise of extremists |
| Gandhian | 1919–1947 | Mass movements |
| Final Blow | 15 Aug 1947 | Freedom at midnight |
1. Early Sparkers (Before 1857)
- 1757 – Plassey → British grip
- 1764 – Buxar → Diwani of Bengal
- Sanyasi–Fakir & Poligar revolts – rural anger
- Memory pill: “PBP (Plassey-Buxar-Poligar) = British Power Peaks”
2. 1857 Revolt – The Big Daddy
| Fact | Quick Bite |
|---|---|
| Started | 12 May 1857, Meerut |
| 1st Martyr | Mangal Pandey, 29 Mar 1857, Barrackpore |
| Leaders | Nana Saheb (Kanpur), Begum Hazrat Mahal (Lucknow), Rani Lakshmibai (Jhansi), Tantia Tope |
| End | Gwalior, 20 Jun 1858; Rani dies |
| Result | Queen’s Proclamation 1 Nov 1858 – EIC rule → Crown rule |
| Trick | “12-5-7, 1-11-8 = Revolt starts, Crown takes” |
3. Foundation Builders (1885–1905)
- INC born 28 Dec 1885, Gokuldas Tejpal School, Bombay
- 72 delegates, W.C. Bonnerjee 1st president
- Moderates – 3P’s: Petition, Prayer, Protest
- Extremets – Lal-Bal-Pal
- Partition of Bengal 16 Oct 1905 → Vande Mataram anthem
4. Swadeshi & Surge (1905–1916)
| Event | Year | Punch-line |
|---|---|---|
| Swadeshi start | 16 Oct 1905 | Burn foreign cloth |
| Muslim League | 30 Dec 1906, Dacca | British divide trick |
| Surat Split | 1907 | Moderates vs Extremists |
| Home Rule | 1916 | Annie Besant & Tilak |
5. Gandhian Era (1919–1947)
| Movement | Year | Tag-line | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rowlatt Satyagraha | 6 Apr 1919 | Black law protest | Jallianwala |
| Jallianwala Bagh | 13 Apr 1919 | 379 killed, Gen Dyer | Hunter Commission |
| Non-Coop | 1920–22 | Surrender titles | Chauri-Chaura → withdraw |
| Dandi March | 12 Mar–6 Apr 1930 | 24-day, 390 km | Salt law broken |
| Quit India | 8 Aug 1942 | “Do or Die” | Mass arrests |
| INA Trials | 1945–46 | Netaji’s army | Naval mutiny |
Trick: “19-19-30-42-47 (dates end in 9/0/2/7) = Gandhi’s Ladder”
6. Revolutionary Galaxies
| Name | Act | Catchword |
|---|---|---|
| Bhagat Singh | 23 Mar 1931 hanged | Saunder’s murder, Assembly bomb |
| Rajguru & Sukhdev | Same date | “Three-in-one martyrs” |
| Chandrashekhar Azad | 27 Feb 1931 Alfred Park | “Azad never caught” |
| Udham Singh | 13 Mar 1940 → shot Dyer in London | Revenge for Jallianwala |
7. Subsidiary Congress Sessions to Mug
| Session | Year | President | City |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 1885 | W.C. Bonnerjee | Bombay |
| Surat Split | 1907 | Rash Behari Ghosh | Surat |
| Lucknow Pact | 1916 | Ambika Charan Mazumdar | Lucknow |
| Nehru Report | 1928 | Motilal Nehru | Calcutta |
| Poorna Swaraj | 26 Jan 1930, Lahore | J.L. Nehru | Lahore |
| Quit India | 1942 | ✗ (arrested) | Bombay |
8. Handy Mnemonics
- “LMN-1857”: Lakshmibai, Mangal, Nana
- “Gandhi-303”: 3 major all-India movements (Non-Coop, CDM, QIM) → 0 violence aim, 3 results (awakening, British panic, freedom)
- “13-39”: Jallianwala 13th, Dandi 390 km
10 Likely RRB MCQs – Click to solve
-
The first President of INC was ______.
A. Dadabhai Naoroji B. W.C. Bonnerjee C. A.O. Hume D. Surendranath Banerjee
Ans: B -
In which city was the Muslim League founded in 1906?
A. Aligarh B. Dacca C. Lahore D. Karachi
Ans: B -
Match: (a) Chauri-Chaura – 1922; (b) Dandi March – 1930; (c) Surat Split – 1907.
A. a-1, b-2, c-3 B. a-2, b-1, c-3 C. All correct D. All wrong
Ans: C -
Who called the 1857 revolt the “First War of Indian Independence”?
A. V.D. Savarkar B. R.C. Majumdar C. S.N. Sen D. Tara Chand
Ans: A -
Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on ______.
A. 13 Apr 1919 B. 14 Feb 1920 C. 15 Aug 1920 D. 16 Oct 1905
Ans: A -
The distance of Gandhi’s Dandi March was approximately ______ km.
A. 240 B. 300 C. 390 D. 420
Ans: C -
Who among the following was NOT hanged on 23 Mar 1931?
A. Bhagat Singh B. Rajguru C. Sukhdev D. Chandrashekhar Azad
Ans: D -
The Poorna Swaraj resolution was passed at the Congress session held at ______.
A. Lahore B. Karachi C. Calcutta D. Bombay
Ans: A -
Annie Besant led the ______ movement in India.
A. Non-Cooperation B. Home Rule C. Quit India D. Khilafat
Ans: B -
Who was the Viceroy during the Quit India Movement of 1942?
A. Lord Wavell B. Lord Linlithgow C. Lord Mountbatten D. Lord Willingdon
Ans: B
Revise → Recall → Rock the paper! Jai Hind!
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